Splitter Adapter
Splitter Adapter
photo] Epon Hfc Network Technology And Applications In Radio And Television
Optical Network Systems, Inc. 1 EPON technology background The rapid growth of Internet users and the popularity of broadband applications are driving the development of network infrastructure. The total network bandwidth doubling every six months increased, VoIP, ITPV, Online games, new network applications and network technology, network bandwidth has also been put forward new challenges. In the long term, the existing broadband access technology has been unable to meet this high demand growth, in this context, EPON technology to meet future needs as a broadband access technology has increasingly gained attention.
Passive optical network PON (Passive Optical Network) including the OLT (Optical LineTerminal), ONU (Optical Network Unit) and ODN (Optical DistributionNetwork), ODN all from the optical splitter (Splitter: splitter) and other passive components composition, does not require expensive active electronic equipment and other installation environment, significantly reducing network deployment costs and operating expenses. The general structure of PON network as below:
PON networks are generally Chart PON (passive opticalnetwork) is not a new concept. In 1995, ATM technology heyday, ITU (theInternational Telecommunications Union) and FSAN (Full Services AccessNetwork) Union established the ATM standard, and on top of it as the second level in the PON frame and packaging technology. Since then, many equipment suppliers are developing APON products. However, due to the complexity of ATM technology and its high cost equipment and other reasons, APON has not been accepted by the market. Its successor, although BPON made a lot of bandwidth and operational improvements, but no new breakthroughs.
PON network advantage is elimination of the active outdoor equipment, all the signal processing functions in the switches and fittings are completed. Its transmission range than the active fiber optic access systems in the short, less coverage, but it cost less, not a separate room, easy maintenance. Therefore, this structure has a good economy for large-scale CPN user access.
Current mainstream PON technology mainly: EPON and GPON. GPON technology by the APON (ATMPON) evolved, GPON (GigabitPON) standard by the APON / BPON evolved, it has the better deal, adaptability, higher bandwidth and higher transmission efficiency. GPON standards have not yet finalized and markets products and applications not yet mature, the current prices are also more expensive.
We all know, the Ethernet local area network has become the de facto standard, almost all users of the network environment is Ethernet, in this case, the access network using Ethernet technology on the natural. However, the traditional Ethernet access network directly to many of the problems: difficult to ensure safety, can not effectively manage bandwidth, can not provide end to end QoS, real equipment cost is too high leading to low. For these reasons, in November 2000, IEEE802.3 standards organization established EFM (Ethernetin the FirstMile: Ethernet First Mile) Study Group, the organization dedicated to developing the last mile Ethernet access standards. Including 3Com, Salira, Alloptic, Aura Networks, CDTMohawk, Cisco Systems, DomiNetSystems, Intel, WorldCom and other 69 companies has participated in the group. This group is a very important issue is how to combine Ethernet PON technology and to provide more affordable, higher bandwidth access system, while addressing some problems in Ethernet access. This standard was adopted in 2004, finally, is 802.3ah standard. There are a number of chip manufacturers have introduced a line 802.3ah EPON standard commercial chips.
2 EPON market to mature Market demand and industry chain has matured
802.3ah standard since been formally promulgated through equipment vendors and device manufacturers to jointly promote and develop, can be said that EPON technology and equipment from the application protocol standards have matured, the external supporting the optical devices are also becoming more perfect and mature, EPON chip-scale production has been achieved, the entire EPON relatively complete industrial chain, with a large market demand.
As optical fiber, optical devices dramatic decline in the price and user bandwidth demand growth, EPON gradually show its economic and technical advantages. At present, the value of fixed-line operators face lower ARPU reduced pressure and growth, how to better service and to provide more extensive services to enhance the user rate and the increase in net income as the challenges facing operators. On the other hand, user video, multimedia services are rapidly growing demand, IPTV, VOIP, TriplePlay and other business needs, and FTTH, FTTB applications demand new technology needed to meet. EPON technology is mature and adapt to this market demand.
Light back into the trend of copper accelerating
Order to provide more bandwidth, operators are already on the long haul and metro access network segment on a huge investment, laying a lot of fiber. Optical fiber is widely used as compared with the copper wire has obvious advantages. First, the optical fiber than copper wire can carry more bandwidth. One kilogram of fiber can transmit the amount of information and 20-ton copper considerable amount of information transmitted. Second, copper has electrical problems such as attenuation and crosstalk. Third, the fiber of life is about three times as much copper. Finally, the fiber material prices have declined significantly, and copper have been similar.
Fiber makes you believe that the advantages of copper will eventually be replaced by optical fiber. Optical fiber and optical equipment, the price of greatly reduced, so that optical fiber has been from the trunk, to metro, and further into the access network. As more optical fiber transmission medium must be to the whole fiber. And FTTH (Fiberto the Home) will become the ultimate access.
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Does anyone know where I can find this audio adapter?
What I have is a male 1 / 8 inch (3.5 mm) RRF (4 wire) plug, which ends at the end by two speakers and a microphone. My laptop has a 1 / 8 Women "TRS stereo (3 conductor) and a headphone jack 1 / 8 Women "TS mono (2 son) microphone jack. So basically what I need is a splitter adapter is a 1 / 8" RRT women at a 1 / 8 "TRS male and a 1 / 8" TS male, or female 3-way splitter 1 / 8 "to 3 RRT men 1 / 8" TS. Does anyone know where I can find one of these?
Check Amazon unless http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias 3DAP% and field keywords = audio + adapter & x = 0 & y = 0 & tag = klnprk-20 also check Ebay Http: / / rover.ebay.com/rover/1/711-53200-19255 -0 / 1? ff3 = 4 & ad = 5574865779 & toolid = 10001 & campid = 5336440665 & customid = klnprk & MPRE = http% % 3A% 2F% 2FI 2fshop.ebay.com. html 3f_nkw%%%% 3d0% 3dheadphone 26_sacat 26_odkw 3dheadphone%%%%% 3d0 26_osacat 26_trksid 3dp3286.c0.m270.l1313
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